
表主动的有:doing, to be doing, having been doing, being doing, to do, to have been doing
表被动的有:done, to be done, having been done, having been being done, being done, to have been done, to be being done, to have been being done
这些是我所有能想到的了,请问列举的这些都有吗?它们的区别是什么呢?是不是被动done是通用的?
可以这样算一下:
非谓语动词包括“分词、不定式、动名词”这3类。
每个分类有“一般、进行、完成、完成进行”这4种状态。
每个状态分为“主动、被动”这2种语态。
所以从理论上讲,非谓语动词共有3*4*2=24种。
实际上,有的形式只是理论上存在,实际上极少使用,比如“完成进行被动”含义的分词、不定式、动名词,基本上没有实际的使用。
按照上面的思路,把24种非谓语动词形式列举如下,部分形式提供了高考真题中的例句。注:各形式使用了“式”而不是“时”,“式”表示形式,是非谓语动词,“时”是时态,是谓语动词。
一、分词1. 一般式主动语态:doing
2. 一般式被动语态:done
3. 进行式主动语态:doing(doing本身就表达“进行”,与一般式重合)
4. 进行式被动语态:being done
例:She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.(2025年高考全国2卷阅读理解B篇)
5. 完成式主动语态:having done
例:He left after 6 months, physically broken and having lost his mind.(2020年高考新课标1卷)
6. 完成式被动语态:having been done
7. 完成进行式主动语态:having been doing
8. 完成进行式被动语态:having been being done(理论上存在,实际上罕见)
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二、动词不定式1. 一般式主动语态:to do
2. 一般式被动语态:to be done
3. 进行式主动语态:to be doing
例:May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.(2012年高考安徽卷22题)
4. 进行式被动语态:to be being done(理论上存在,实际上罕见)
5. 完成式主动语态:to have done
6. 完成式被动语态:to have been done
7. 完成进行式主动语态:to have been doing
8. 完成进行式被动语态:to have been being done(理论上存在,实际上罕见)
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三、动名词1. 一般式主动语态:doing
2. 一般式被动语态:being done
例:Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. (2025年高考北京卷阅读理解B篇)
例:She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (2024年高考新课标2卷阅读理解D篇)
3. 进行式主动语态:doing(动名词因为是“名词”,极少用到“进行”含义,所以此形式罕用)
4. 进行式被动语态:being done(同上)
5. 完成式主动语态:having done
例:He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health.(2025年高考北京卷阅读理解D篇)
6. 完成式被动语态:having been done
7. 完成进行式主动语态:having been doing
8. 完成进行式被动语态:having been being done(理论上存在,实际上罕见)
图片
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